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Sufi: A master of the spiritual science of tasawwuf. Non-religious contributions of philosophers, including the sciences of logic and rhetoric. Subsequently, many debates raged around the permissibility of deriving knowledge from the Islamic thought, resulting in the second tension, between philosophy and religion. The vizier of the Abbasid caliph in order to defend Sunni7 doctrine against theological attacksĪs classical Greek philosophy8 entered the Islamic world, some views challenged traditional His reputation of immense knowledge and skilful refutation lead him to be commissioned by The tension between revelation and reason was significant in al-Ghazali’s time and, aggravatedīy the politics of the competing caliphates6, many age-old theological debates were rekindled. The philosophers, the ta’limites4, and those who wear the outward signs ofĪl-Ghazali was therefore not only aware of the challenges of his time, but of his unique ability Such a low state of weakness because of these causes, and saw my soulĮntirely mobilised to discover the root causes of this defect, it became easierįor me to expose all of them than to drink a sip of water due to my deepįamiliarity with their sciences and their paths - I mean the paths of the sufis3, ‘When I saw that the faith of all the different kinds of people had reached ‘spiritual auto-biography’, al-Munqidh min al-Dalal (Deliverance from Error)2: Al-Ghazali himself references the debates of his time, in what is often called his Position of significant intellectual authority, he systematically addressed each of theseĬhallenges. These controversies very much influenced al-Ghazali’s academic direction, and, enabled by his The outer and the inner dimensions of Islam (Nofal, 1993). Islamic world faced three major controversies, rooted in the tension between: Yet despite this age of enlightened thinkers the He is referred to as Algazel in some OrientalistĪl-Ghazali lived during the Golden Age of Islam, a time in which both knowledge and progressįlourished throughout the Islamic world. Is because he is from a small village named Ghazāla. It is because his father used to spin wool (called a ghazzāl) and those who say it is spelt al-Ghazālī say it Those who say it is spelt al-Ghazzālī say There is a difference of opinion as to the spelling of his name. Standing, and is unanimously agreed to be one of the greatest influences on Islamic thoughtĪnd practice of all time, earning him the honorific titles of ‘proof of Islam’ and ‘the Reviver’ of He was a respected teacher, prolific writer with immense intellectual Abu Hamid ibn Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Tusi al-Shafi’i al-Ghazali (known simply as alGhazali), was an eleventh century polymath (Ahmed, 2013) and one of history’s greatestĬontributors to Islam.